"On July 3, 1863, the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania ended after three days in a major victory for the North as Confederate troops retreated."
It is easy to complain about present day circumstances, especially since we don't yet have the virtual reality opportunity to experience the trevails of yesteryear. Let the following list of medical progress since the Civil War allow you some vicarious experience however. Celebrate this fourth of July by rejoicing in our recent independence from a host of perennial, disease aiding enemies. One hundred fifty years is an eyeblink compared to the 100,000 to 1,000,000+ years that humans in different versions have walked the Earth. We have made great progress, in a multitude of ways, within the last tenth to hundredth of a percent of our shared existence. Now it is our shared duty to keep up even better, wiser work, since our global biosphere is in real trouble. For now, however, the celebratory list:
Some Medical Progress since 1863, with this being a heavily allopathic list. Still, it seems to me we're way better off than if these advances had never occured:
- 1867 - Lister publishes Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery, based partly on Pasteur's work.
- 1870 - Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch establish the germ theory of disease
- 1879 - first vaccine for cholera
- 1881 - Louis Pasteur develops an anthrax vaccine
- 1882 - Louis Pasteur develops a rabies vaccine
- 1890 - Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines
- 1895 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers medical use of X-rays in medical imaging
- 1901 - Karl Landsteiner discovers the existence of different human blood types
- 1901 - Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease
- 1906 - Frederick Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and suggests that a lack of vitamins causes scurvy and rickets
- 1907 - Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness
- 1908 - Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method
- 1909 - First Intrauterine device described by Richard Richter.[17]
- 1917 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane
- 1921 - Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
- 1921 - Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin - important for the treatment of diabetes
- 1921 - Fidel Pagés pioneers epidural anesthesia
- 1923 - First vaccine for Diphtheria
- 1926 - First vaccine for Pertussis
- 1927 - First vaccine for Tuberculosis
- 1927 - First vaccine for Tetanus
- 1928 - Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
- 1929 - Hans Berger discovers human electroencephalography
- 1932 - Gerhard Domagk develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus
- 1933 - Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy
- 1935 - Ladislas J. Meduna discovers metrazol shock therapy
- 1935 - First vaccine for Yellow Fever
- 1936 - Egas Moniz discovers prefrontal lobotomy for treating mental diseases
- 1938 - Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini discover electroconvulsive therapy
- 1943 - Willem Kolff build the first dialysis machine
- 1949 - First implant of intraocular lens, by Sir Harold Ridley
- 1952 - Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
- 1957 - William Grey Walter invents the brain EEG topography (toposcope)
- 1960 - Invention of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- 1960 - First combined oral contraceptive approved by the FDA[17]
- 1962 - First Oral Polio Vaccine
- 1964 - First vaccine for Measles
- 1965 - Frank Pantridge installs the first portable defibrillator
- 1965 - First commercial ultrasound
- 1967 - First vaccine for Mumps
- 1967 - Christiaan Barnard performs first human heart transplant
- 1970 - First vaccine for Rubella
- 1971 - Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invents the first commercial CT scanner
- 1976 - First commercial PET scanner
- 1978 - Last fatal case of smallpox[18]
- 1980 - Raymond Damadian builds first commercial MRI scanner
- 1981 - First vaccine for Hepatitis B
- 1987 - Ben Carson, leading a 70-member medical team in Germany, was the first to separate occipital craniopagus twins.
- 1992 - First vaccine for Hepatitis A available[19]
- 2003 - Carlo Urbani, of Doctors without Borders alerted the World Health Organization to the threat of the SARS virus, triggering the most effective response to an epidemic in history. Urbani succumbs to the disease himself in less than a month.
- 2005 - Jean-Michel Dubernard performs the first partial face transplant
- 2006 - First HPV vaccine approved
- 2006 - Second rotavirus vaccine approved (first was withdrawn)
- 2008 - Laurent Lantieri performs the first full face transplant
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